Abdominal tuberculosis is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis constituting 11% of the cases; Ileocaecal region is the most commonly affected area followed by ascending colon, jejunum, appendix, duodenum, stomach, esophagus, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Diagnosis is a challenge which involves basic work up like computed tomography (CT) scan, esophageal ultrasonography (USG), ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) and special investigations like capsule endoscopy, balloon enteroscopy, TB-PCR, GeneXpert, diagnostic laparoscopy are being increasingly used. Standard antitubercular drugs are the first line of treatment, and they are usually highly effective for intestinal TB. Six-months therapy is as effective as 9 months of therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients who have developed complications or obstruction not responding to medical management. Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been observed in 13% of MTB isolates in abdominal tuberculosis.
Abughali N, VanderKuyp F, Annable W, et al. Congenital tuberculosis. Pediatr Infec Dis J 1994;13:773-791.
MMWR Mor Mort Wkl Report. Congenital pulmonary tuberculosis associated withmaternal cerebral tuberculosis-2005;54:1062-1066.
Chotpitaysunondh T, sangtawesin V. Congenital tuberculosis. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86 suppl: S689-695.
Diar H, Velaphi S. Congenital tuberculosis as a proxy to maternal tuberculosis: a case report. J Perinatol 2009;29:709-711.
Das A, Arora J, Rana T, et al. Congenital tuberculosis: The value of laboratory investi-gations in diagnosis. AnnTropPaediatr 2008;28:137-141.
Bhat RY, Rao A, Althaf, et al. An evolved diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis in avery low birth weight premature neonate. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008;12:344-345.
Doudier B, Mosnier E, Rovery C, et al. Congenital tuberculosis after in vitro fertilization. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008;27:277-278.
Al-Katawee YA, Al-Mahmood LA, Al-Showaier AS. Congenital tuberculosis presenting as cutaneous disease in a premature infant. Saudi Med J 2007;28:1739-1740.
Lee LH, Levea CM, Graman PS. Congenital tuberculosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: Case report, epidemiological investigation, and management of exposures. Clin Infec Dis 1999;29:467.
Hageman JR. Congenital and perinataltuberculosis: Discussion of the difficult issues of diagnosis and management. J Perinatol 1998;18: 389-394.
Starke JR. Tuberculosis. An old disease but a new threat to the mother fetus and neonate. Clin Perinatol 1997;24:10727.
Balaka B, Bakande B, Douti K, et al. Tuberculosis in the newborn: Recrudescence in areas with high endemic HIV infection. Med Trop (mars) 2004;64:367-371.
Naranbai RC. Congenital tuberculosis localised to the ear. Arch Dis Child 1989;64:738-740.
Scnbil N, Sahin F, Caglar MK, et al. Congenital tberculosis of the ear and parotid gland. Pediatr Infect Dis 1997;16:1090-1091.
Hageman J, Shulman S, Schreiber M, et al. Congenital tuberculosis: Critical reappraisal of clinical findings and diagnostic procedures. Pediatrics 1980;66:980-984.
Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children: Official statement of the American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1359-1375.
Neyaz Z, Gadodia A, Gamanagatti S, et al. Imaging findings of congenital tuberculosis in three infants. Singapore Med J 2008;49: e42-e46.
Draft updated IAP RNTCP Ped TB guidelines 2019, central TB division MOHFW New Delhi India;21
Miller FJW. Tuberculosis in children. Evaluation, Epidemiology, Treatment, Prevention. (1st edn). New Delhi, Churchill Livingstone 1982;220-224.
